Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) part 20 :

Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) part 20 :

A) Yathrib renamed Al-Madina, Al-Munawara :"The Illuminated City" :

When the Prophet Muhammad(ﷺ) and his companions settled at Yathrib, this city changed its name, and henceforth was called, Al-Medina, Al-Munawara, the Illuminated City, or more shortly,Medina, the City. It is situated about eleven-day's journey to the north of Mecca. At that time it was ruled by two Kahtanite tribes, Aws and Khazraj. These two tribes, however, were constantly quarreling among themselves. It was only about that time when the Prophet announced his mission at Mecca that these tribes, after long years of continuous warfare, entered on a period of comparative peace.When the Prophet settled at Medina, the tribes of Aws and Khazraj forgot
entirely their old feuds and were united together in the bond of Islam. Their old divisions were soon erased and the Ansar", the Helpers of the Prophet, became the common designation of all Medinites who had helped the Prophet in his cause. Those who emigrated with him from Mecca received the title of "Muhajereen" or the Emigrants. The Prophet, in order to unite both classes in closer bonds, established between them a brotherhood, which linked them together as children of the same parents, with the Prophet as their guardian.

B) Allah's Messenger Settles in Madina :

The first step the Prophet took, after his settlement at Medina, was to built a mosque for the worship of Allah according to principles of Islam. Also, houses for the settlement of the emigrants were soon erected.

C) Muhammad's Charter(agreement) - Jews and Muslims unite to defend against enemies :

Medina and its suburbs were at this time inhabited by three distinct parties, the Emigrants, the Helpers, and the Jews. In order to weld them together into an orderly federation, the Prophet granted a charter to the people, clearly defining their rights and obligations. This charter represented the framework of the first commonwealth organized by the Prophet. It stated thus:

'In the name of the Most Merciful and Compassionate Lord, this charter is given by Muhammad,the Messenger of Allah to all believers, whether of Quraish or Medina, and all individuals of
whatever origin who have made common cause with them, who shall all constitute one nation."

The following are some extracts from the charter: The state of peace and war shall be common to all Muslims; no one among them shall have the right of concluding peace with, or declaring war against, the enemies of his co-religionists. The Jews who attach themselves to our commonwealth shall be protected from all insults and displeasure ; they shall have an equal right with our people to our assistance and good offices. The Jews of the various branches and all others dutiful in Medina shall form with the Muslims one composite nation; they shall practice their religion as freely as the Muslims. The allies of the Jews shall enjoy the same security and freedom. The guilty
shall be pursued and punished. The Jews shall join the Muslims in defending Medina all enemies.The interior of Medina shall be a sacred place for all who accept this charter. All true Muslims shall hold in disliked every man guilty of crime, injustice or disorder; no one shall uphold the guilty, though he be his nearest kin.

After dealing with the interior management of the State, the charter concluded as follows: "All future disputes arising among those who accept this charter shall be referred, under Allah to the Prophet."
Thus this charter put an end to the state of misrule that prevailed among the Arabs. It constituted the Prophet Muhammad as chief magistrate of the nation.

In sha Allah, will be continued.{Ref : Stories of prophets by Ibn Kathir(rahimahullah)}.