Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said
'Do you know what is backbiting' ?
The Companions said 'Allah and His Messenger know best'.
Thereupon he said 'Backbiting implies your talking about your brother in a manner which he does not like. It was said to him 'What if I actually find that fauling my brother which I made a mention of? He said 'If that failing is actually found in him what you assert, you in fact backbited him, and if that is not in him it is a slander'.
Ibn Qudamah al-Maqdisi writes
Ghibah (backbiting) is forbidden in the Quraan and it is also forbidden in the sunnah and the one who performs it is likened to the one who eats his the flesh of another. Ghibah is that a muslims mentions in a manner that is disliked by the other whether by reffering to his defects or by reffering to his morality. Whatever comes under the meaning of insulting is consdired ghibah whether it is in words, actions or writing.
Additonally whoever listens to ghibah is regarded as a participant unless he denies it either with his tongue, with his heart or leaves the place where the ghibah is occuring or turns the conversation into another subject.
-Sahih muslim, Mukhtasar Minhaj al-Qasidin
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